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Special Research on Energy Storage of All Vanadium Flow Batteries: Wide Oceans and Skies, Different "Vanadium" Sounds
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Release time:
2024-03-13 17:48
1. All vanadium flow battery: a promising form of long-term energy storage 1.1. All vanadium flow battery is currently the most mature flow battery technology Liquid flow batteries are an electrochemical energy storage technology with great potential.
1. All vanadium flow battery: a promising form of long-term energy storage
1.1. All vanadium flow battery is currently the most mature flow battery technology
Liquid flow batteries are an electrochemical energy storage technology with great potential. The concept of flow battery was first proposed by Japanese scientists Ashimura and Miyake in 1971. In 1974, NASA scientist L. H. Thaller constructed the world's first practical flow battery model using FeCl2 and CrCl3 as positive and negative active substances. Unlike typical solid-state batteries, the positive and negative electrodes of a flow battery are stored in an external storage tank in the form of an electrolyte solution. The conversion of electrical and chemical energy is achieved through reversible oxidation-reduction reactions of active substances in the positive and negative electrolyte solutions. Liquid flow batteries have relatively low energy density, but they have significant advantages in terms of service life, charging and discharging depth, system capacity, etc. Therefore, they are receiving increasing attention in the field of large-scale energy storage.
All vanadium flow battery is currently the most mature and industrialized flow battery technology. According to the different active substances in the electrodes, flow batteries can be divided into various technical routes, among which representative systems with commercial applications include all vanadium, iron chromium, zinc bromide, etc. From the perspective of technological maturity, all vanadium flow batteries are currently in a leading position. They were first founded by Professor Skyllas Kazacos and his team from the University of New South Wales in Australia in 1985. Institutions such as Sumitomo Electric in Japan, VRB in Canada, and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics in China have been conducting industrial research since the 1990s. Currently, commercial projects with a capacity of tens to hundreds of MWh have been put into operation both domestically and internationally. Compared to other batteries, iron chromium flow batteries suffer from issues such as hydrogen evolution reaction and insufficient electrochemical activity of chromium ions, while zinc bromide batteries have relatively limited monomer capacity and are currently in the engineering demonstration stage.
1.2. All vanadium flow batteries have advantages in safety, longevity, flexibility, and other aspects
1.2.1. Security
Compared to lithium-ion batteries, all vanadium flow batteries have better safety. For lithium-ion batteries, once there is a short circuit inside the battery or the working temperature is too high, the electrolyte is prone to decomposition and gasification, which can lead to battery combustion or explosion, causing great safety hazards. The electrolyte of all vanadium flow batteries is an acidic aqueous solution of vanadium ions, which operates at room temperature and pressure without the risk of thermal runaway and has intrinsic safety. According to empirical results, at a theoretical 100% SOC, even if the positive and negative electrolytes are directly mixed and the temperature rises from 32 ℃ to 70 ℃, the all vanadium flow battery system will not generate any risks of combustion or ignition. Therefore, for energy storage scenarios with dense personnel, large scale, and high safety requirements, all vanadium flow batteries are a safer and more reliable technology.
The higher safety of all vanadium flow batteries enables them to adopt a more compact layout, thereby reducing land occupation at the project level. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, all vanadium
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